Bottle-feeding, whether you're using expressed breast milk or formula, is a great opportunity for bonding with your newborn. Here are some steps and tips to ensure a positive experience for both you and your baby:

Preparing the Bottle

1. Cleanliness: Ensure your hands and all feeding equipment are clean before preparing the bottle.
2. Milk Preparation: Follow instructions for preparing breast milk or formula. If using formula, pay close attention to the manufacturer's instructions for the correct water-to-powder ratio.
3. Temperature Check: The milk should be warm, not hot. Test a few drops on the inside of your wrist to ensure it's at body temperature.

Feeding Your Newborn

1. Comfortable Position: Hold your baby in a semi-upright position, supporting their head and neck in the crook of your arm. Ensure they're comfortable and secure.
2. Bottle Angle: Keep the bottle horizontal, tilting it enough to fill the nipple with milk. This minimizes the amount of air your baby swallows and allows them to control the flow of milk.
3. Teat to Mouth: Gently brush the teat against your baby's lips. When they open their mouth, let them draw in the teat. The teat should be filled with milk, not air.
4. Paced Feeding: Allow your baby to feed at their own pace, taking breaks to burp. Paced feeding mimics breastfeeding, giving your baby control over their intake.
5. Switching Sides: Even though you're bottle-feeding, switching arms mid-feed can help with eye development and provide a change of scenery for your baby.

After Feeding

1. Burping: Newborns need to be burped during and after feeding to release air they may have swallowed. Hold your baby against your chest or shoulder or sit them up on your lap, supporting their chest and head with one hand, and gently pat their back with the other.
2. Discard Unused Milk: If using formula, discard any milk that your baby doesn't finish. If it's breast milk, you can refrigerate and use it for the next feed if it was not finished within an hour.
3. Cleaning: Thoroughly clean and sterilize all feeding equipment after each use to prevent bacteria from growing.

Additional Tips

• Responsive Feeding: Look for cues that your baby is hungry (such as turning their head towards the bottle) or full (like turning away from the bottle) and respond accordingly. Avoid forcing them to finish the bottle.
• Comfort and Connection: Use this time for skin-to-skin contact and engaging with your baby through talking and eye contact. Bottle-feeding can be as much an opportunity for bonding as breastfeeding.
• Avoid Prop Bottles: Never prop a bottle as it can increase the risk of choking, ear infections, and tooth decay.

If you encounter feeding difficulties or have concerns about your baby's intake or health, consult with a pediatrician for guidance and support.